- Giới thiệu dạng bài
- Hướng dẫn cách làm
- Phân tích ví dụ
Giới thiệu dạng bài
Đề bài thường bao gồm danh sách với các categories là tên người, sự kiện, năm hoặc các nghiên cứu khoa học cùng. Nhiệm vụ cần làm là nối các categories trong danh sách được cho với statement phù hợp
Tuỳ theo đề bài, 1 đáp án có thể lặp lại cho 2 câu nhưng tất cả các câu hỏi chỉ được chọn 1 đáp án.
Hướng dẫn cách làm và lưu ý
Cách làm
- Bước 1: Định vị danh sách tên người/ năm vì đây là các đối tượng viết hoa và số. Lưu ý bước này chỉ đơn thuần tìm, không đọc kí, thời gian tối đa dành ra cho bước này là 2 phút. Đánh dấu A,B, C bên cạnh.
- Bước 2: Đọc toàn bộ các statement và chọn keyword. Lưu ý tập trung tìm keyword tạo sự khác biệt và mang ý nghĩa cụ thể.
- Bước 3: Đọc hiều đoạn văn viết về từng category và lướt tìm các keyword trong khi đọc. Chỉ chọn đáp án khi đã tìm được toàn bộ ý ở trong câu hỏi
Lưu ý
- Câu hỏi sẽ không được sắp xếp theo trình tự bài đọc
- Mỗi category có thể xuất hiện nhiều hơn 1 lần trong dạng câu hỏi này
- Dạng đề Classification là dạng đề khá dễ nên làm trước nhé
- Thông thường chỉ có 1 đáp án đúng cho từng câu hỏi, tức là câu số 1 không thể có đáp án vừa là A vừa là c được
- Đáp án sẽ chưa chắc Theo thứ tự tức là đáp án câu 1 chưa chắc nằm trên câu 2
- 1 đoạn văn chỉ có 1 người/ năm thì toàn bộ thông tin trong đoạn đều có thể viết về người đó => có thể kết luận nhanh chóng.
- 1 đoạn văn có 2 người/ năm thì phải dựa vào vị trí keyword và đọc kĩ để xác định keyword thuộc về lời nói của ai hoặc xảy ra vào năm nào
Phân tích ví dụ
A Chronicle of Timekeeping
According to archaeological evidence, at least 5,000 years ago, and long before the advent of the Roman Empire, the Babylonians began to measure time, introducing calendars to co-ordinate communal activities, to plan the shipment of goods and, in particular, to regulate planting and harvesting. They based their calendars on three natural cycles: the solar day, marked by the successive periods of light and darkness as the earth rotates on its axis; the lunar month, following the phases of the moon as it orbits the earth; and the solar year, defined by the changing seasons that accompany our planet’s revolution around the sun.
Centuries before the Roman Empire, the Egyptians had formulated a municipal calendar having 12 months of 30 days, with five days added to approximate the solar year. Each period of ten days was marked by the appearance of special groups of stars called decans. At the rise of the star Sirius just before sunrise, which occurred around the all- important annual flooding of the Nile, 12 decans could be seen spanning the heavens. The cosmic significance the Egyptians placed in the 12 decans led them to develop a system in which each interval of darkness (and later, each interval of daylight) was divided into a dozen equal parts. These periods became known as temporal hours because their duration varied according to the changing length of days and nights with the passing of the seasons. Summer hours were long, winter ones short; only at the spring and autumn equinoxes were the hours of daylight and darkness equal. Temporal hours, which were first adopted by the Greeks and then the Romans, who disseminated them through Europe, remained in use for more than 2,500 years.
The advent of the mechanical clock meant that although it could be adjusted to maintain temporal hours, it was naturally suited to keeping equal ones. With these, however, arose the question of when to begin counting, and so, in the early 14th century, a number of systems evolved. The schemes that divided the day into 24 equal parts varied according to the start of the count: Italian hours began at sunset, Babylonian hours at sunrise, astronomical hours at midday and ‘great clock’ hours, used for some large public clocks in Germany, at midnight. Eventually these were superseded by ‘small clock’, or French, hours, which split the day into two 12-hour periods commencing at midnight.
To address this, a variation on the original escapement was invented in 1670, in England. It was called the anchor escapement, which was a lever-based device shaped like a ship’s anchor. The motion of a pendulum rocks this device so that it catches and then releases each tooth of the escape wheel, in turn allowing it to turn a precise amount. Unlike the original form used in early pendulum clocks, the anchor escapement permitted the pendulum to travel in a very small arc. Moreover, this invention allowed the use of a long pendulum which could beat once a second and thus led to the development of a new floorstanding case design, which became known as the grandfather clock.
Match each event with the correct nationality, A-F.
Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 5-8 on your answer sheet.
| List of nationalities
A Babylonians B Egyptians C Greeks D English E Germans F. French |
5 They devised a civil calendar in which the months were equal in length.
6 They divided the day into two equal halves.
7 They developed a new cabinet shape for a type of timekeeper.
8 They created a calendar to organise public events and work schedules
Bước 1: Xác định vị trí categories trong list
Trong bước này tất cả các nationalities đều được viết hoa nên rất dễ tìm, lưu ý Babilonians xuất hiện 2 lần.
Bước 2: Đọc và chọn keyword ở statement
5 They devised a civil calendar in which the months were equal in length. => chọn month, equal length
6 They divided the day into two equal halves. => chọn two equal halves
7 They developed a new cabinet shape for a type of timekeeper. => chọn cabinet shape
8 They created a calendar to organise public events and work schedules => chọn public event
Bước 3: Đọc thông tin liên quan tới từng category
| Nationalities | Related data | Conclusion |
| A.Babilonians | the Babylonians began to measure time, introducing calendars to co-ordinate communal activities, to plan the shipment of goods and, in particular, to regulate planting and harvesting. | Communal activities = public events plan the shipment of goods, regulate planting and harvesting = work schedule => Đáp án câu 8 là A |
| B.Egyptians | Egyptians had formulated a municipal calendar having 12 months of 30 days, with five days added to approximate the solar year. | 12 months of 30 days = 12 months with equal length of 30 days
=> Đáp án câu 5 là B |
| C.Greeks | Temporal hours, which were first adopted by the Greeks | => không liên quan tới các statement |
| D.English | a variation on the original escapement was invented in 1670, in England. It was called the anchor escapement, which was a lever-based device shaped like a ship’s anchor
Moreover, this invention allowed the use of a long pendulum which could beat once a second and thus led to the development of a new floorstanding case design, which became known as the grandfather clock. |
Escapement was invented = developed new type of timekeeper
Floorstanding case = cabinet shape => Đáp án câu 7 là D |
| E.Germans | astronomical hours at midday and ‘great clock’ hours, used for some large public clocks in Germany, at midnight. | => không liên quan tới các statement |
| F. France | French, hours, which split the day into two 12-hour periods commencing at midnight. | split = divided
Two 12-hour periods = two equal halves => Đáp án câu 6 là F |
